Ketones are the toxic acids produced when blood glucose rises in the absence of insulin. Large amounts of ketones in the blood can cause a life-threatening problem called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Ketoacidosis occurs more often in Type 1 diabetes when no endogenic insulin could be produced. It is rarely a problem for people with Type 2 diabetes, as they can still produce some insulin themselves.

DKA IS A MEDICAL EMERGENCY.The sypmtoms include:high blood glucose levels (>240 mg/dL),urinary ketones positive,nausea, vomiting, and/or stomach pain,acid or fruity smell on breath, increased thirst and urination,changes in or difficulty breathing,flushing,dehydration,passing out,and fatigue.

When a KTA is suspected, take your blood glucose level first. If too high,take insulin and go to the emergency.

KTA is a life-threatening complication. More should be done to prevent it than treat it. How to Prevent DKA: always take your insulin, even when you cannot eat;check your blood glucose at least once daily, preferably more than once,record test times and glucose levels,check your urine ketones whenever your blood glucose is over 240 mg dL or you are feeling ill.